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  • The Dark Side of Martial Arts
  • Though it is touched upon in other portions of this Guide, it's worth spending some time looking specifically at the dark, seamy underbelly of Martial Arts.

  • This is the place where people may take advantage of you.

  • McDojo's
  • First, let's look at the dreaded "McDojo." These are usually schools who's sole goal is to part you from your money without ever imparting any real Martial Arts knowledge.

    These can sometimes be difficult to detect since part of the successful money-student separation is to convince the student that useful information is, in fact, being taught while devising ever more ways to implement the money-student separation.

  • This separation is often achieved by having fee after fee after fee and required expenditures on and on and on. For instance, schools that require you to buy only their branded uniforms and gear, require you to sign long contracts, have no "move refund" option in their contract, or high-pressure sales pitches.

    Another common tactic is to have numerous belt test requirements and sub-ranks, all with a fee, non-refundable if the student "flunks" his test.

    An example would be a school which has students ranked, "Second Stripe, Decided, Green Belt" or similar. These schools may also require weekend training trips.

  • Besides the red flags listed above, a few other's that may indicate a "McDojo" include: Any school that promises you a Black Belt in under 3 years or routinely produces Black Belts in 2 years.

    Any school which seems to have overly young or inexperienced experts (usually "Black Belts" or "Dan ranks") - for example a school recently made the news, noteworthy because they had just promoted a three year old toddler to "Black Belt" and they had a five year old child as a 2nd Dan (second degree) "Black Belt."

  • Cults

  • Martial Arts hold a nearly unique place in society. They are, at most basic not related to any social, moral, or religious principles. They are merely "martial," or "pertaining to war or combat skills."

    Yet, at the same time, many are drenched in philosophy and the "mental" benefits cited range from improved self esteem all the way through metaphysical abilities. Simply put, mysticism in Martial Arts is not only accepted, but often EXPECTED.

    Coupled with the business or organizational structure of many Martial Arts, this produces a prime candidate for cult like organizations to spring up. All of the required markers or precepts are easily applied.

    For instance, the required attitude to "trust without question" a leader or central authority is readily accepted behavior in many Martial Arts. Simply put, the instructor knows what he's talking about, you should listen to what he says even if you do not understand why. Most often this is a safety or training issue.

    The experienced instructor knows that a certain way is safest or most likely to produce results. That alone is no more proof that a certain Martial Art is a cult than the requirement to follow orders instantly and without question is evidence that the Army is a cult.

    However, it does place an instructor in a position of power to abuse emotionally vulnerable people. Though fortunately rare, cult like indicators have been seen including:

  • 1) Complete emotional dependence upon a central authority figure
  • 2) Accepting without question directives from a central authority figure
  • 3) Isolation of group members and restriction of their association to other group members exclusively, including communal living and breaking ties with family and close friends
  • 4) Single minded recruitment into the group
  • 5) Relinquishing control of personal assets to the central authority figure.
  • Of course, this is a short and perforce slightly vague list. If you suspect someone may be becoming involved in a cult of any sort, whether Martial Arts or otherwise, research the organization thoroughly and consult a licensed mental health care professional.

  • Scams
  • Another variation on the McDojo effect are Scams.

    The number and variety of scams are infinite, as any grifter can tell you. However, the same grifter will also tell you that the most effective usually seem to be variation on a few basic themes.

    In the Martial Arts world, one of these themes is the "Study at Home" scam. One reason this is such an effective scam is that it's very similar in appearance to legitimate training aids. The scam usually takes the guise of an advertisement promising to impart vast knowledge and unbeatable fighting skills with the purchase of a home study system, usually consisting of Video Tapes or DVDs.

    The home practitioner then "studies" these videos, takes a test, sometimes written, sometimes by video taping himself and then mails it back to the originator for "grading" along with a sum of money. Naturally "rank" is issued (usually the coveted "Black Belt") as well as a lead in for additional "training." Of course, the consumers have become somewhat more savvy and this exact scam takes in fewer marks then it once did.

    Another variation of the scam is to simply not offer the "rank by mail," which is a dead give away. Instead, the same "be an unbeatable killer" advertising is used to sell the video material.

    A third variation of this particular scam involves actual "live" training. A seminar is offered from which the attendees are guaranteed rank (often teaching rank) in a new and unbeatable system.

    These seminars are usually short, only a couple of hours, and often attempt to make some tenuous link to military combatives such as the Marines or the Special Forces (linking to the "unbeatable" skill of military groups is another common "hook").

  • Another variation of martial arts scams are questionable training aids. These are devices or machines which, through their use, supposedly will confer awesome capabilities to their users.

    They frequently take the form of exercise aids with vastly exaggerated claimed benefits. Occasionally these devices can take the form of a machine or appliance which will "teach" your body to perform some devastating "secret" technique.

  • The reason these scams are so successful is that they so closely mirror legitimate training aids. Video's, books, and seminars, exercise devices, even weekend training camps, are all tools used by legitimate martial artists to enhance their skills and improve their understanding.

    The critical difference is that the scams typically promise great gains, impressive skills, or rank for comparatively little investment of time.

  • Disclaimer and Copyright Notice Some answers given may reflect personal biases of the author and the martial arts FAQ listing's contributors. The answers contained herein pertain to discussions on the rec.martial-arts group, and are by no means exhaustive. The martial arts FAQ list owes its existence to the contributors on the net, and as such it belongs to the readers of rec.martial-arts. Copies may be made freely, as long as they are distributed at no charge, and the disclaimer and the copyright notice are included. -- Matthew Weigel Research Systems Programmer mcweigel+@cs.cmu.edu